Whether Arizona's effort to enforce federal immigration law by creating its own rules for the interrogation, arrest and detention of undocumented persons is unconstitutional under the Supremacy Clause.

(formerly Chamber of Commerce v. Candelaria) Whether an Arizona law imposing severe sanctions on employers who hire immigrants that the state believes are unauthorized to work in the United States, and requiring employers to participate in a federal employment verification program that the federal government made voluntary, is pre-empted by the carefully calibrated and comprehensive scheme that the federal government has enacted to regulate immigration.

Whether Arizona’s use of tax credits funneled through state-certified and state-supervised non-profits to award student scholarships based on religious criteria and for use in religious schools violates the Establishment Clause.

This is the first case to reach the Supreme Court that raises the constitutionality of the growing number of state and local anti-immigrant laws that have been enacted in recent years. The ACLU represents certain petitioners in the case.